Explanation
To add totals to a view using the Analytics pane:

Also, you can add totals from the Analytics tab in the Menu above:

Explanation
Dates in Tableau will behave differently depending on whether they are a Datepart (blue) or a Datevalue (green). This affects how the axes display/behave and also how visualisations such as line charts will display.
The difference essentially boils down to Dateparts behaving like a dimension as opposed to a measure which is how Datevalues behave. This means that Dateparts behave like discrete categories on the view whereas Datevalues are more like continuous numeric values.
Dateparts are discrete and they behave the same as dimension filters. If all dates are used on the filter then each individual date will be a datepart that can be selected/excluded. This is the same for each level of date, if datepart months is placed on filters January to December will be tick-able options in the filter. This also means that conditions and top/bottom filters can be applied to datepart filters like any other dimension filter.
Datevalues placed on filters behave like measure filters. A min and a max date can be set and there is a relative dates option which allows you to choose things like only show the previous 3 months or years etc.

Explanation
A parameter is a global placeholder value such as a number, date, or string that can replace a constant value in a calculation, filter, or reference line.
For example, you may create a calculated field that returns True if Sales is greater than $500,000 and otherwise returns False. You can replace the constant value of "500000" in the formula with a parameter.
Then, using the parameter control, you can dynamically change the threshold in your calculation.
For example -

Explanation
The Marks Card allows us not only to edit the Shape, Text and Colour, but also to modify the Tooltip and the level of detail of the visualisation!

The Marks card is a key element for visual analysis in Tableau. As you drag fields to different properties in the Marks card, you add context and detail to the marks in the view.

You use the Marks card to set the mark type (see Change the Type of Mark in the View), and to encode your data with color, size, shape, text, and detail. To change the mark settings, see Control the Appearance of Marks in the View.

In this example, three different fields have been dragged to different properties in the Marks card. Segment is on Color, Region is on Shape, and Quantity is on Size.
After you add a field to the Marks card, you can click the icon next to the field to change the property it is using. You can also click the property buttons in the Marks card to change those settings.
Many properties can have multiple fields. For example, you can add multiple fields to Label, Detail, Tooltip, and Color. Size and Shape can only have one field at a time. For more details, see Control the Appearance of Marks in the View.

Explanation
A histogram is a chart that displays the shape of a distribution. A histogram looks like a bar chart but groups values for a continuous measure into ranges, or bins.
The basic building blocks for a histogram are as follows:


Demo :