Infrequent net gains not considered extraordinary include:

Choice "b" is correct. $170,000.

Choice "d" is correct. $240,000 The gain on debt extinguishment does not meet the unusual and
infrequent criteria of APB 30 to be treated as an extraordinary item (per SFAS No. 145, extinguishments
of debt are no longer automatically extraordinary), so it is included as part of income from continuing
operations.

Choice "d" is correct. Statements III and IV are correct. Statement I is incorrect because fair value is a
market-specific measure, not an entity-specific measure. Statement II is incorrect because fair value is an
exit price (the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability), not an entrance price. Choices "a", "b" and "c"
are incorrect, per the above Explanation: .

Choice "d" is correct. Gains or losses that are unusual in nature or occur infrequently but not both, are
presented as a component of income from continuing operations. Choice "a" is incorrect. Extraordinary
items are shown net of tax in a separate section of the income statement after income from continuing
operations. Choice "b" is incorrect. Cumulative effects of changes in accounting principle are now shown
net of tax as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the retained earnings statement.
This treatment is called retrospective application. There really are no longer any cumulative effect types of
changes in accounting principle. The cumulative effect is merely how the amount of the change is
measured.
Choice "c" is incorrect. This is the definition of an extraordinary item.

Choice "c" is correct. When there is no principal market, the price in the most advantageous market is the
fair value measurement. Although transaction costs are not included in the fair value measurement, they
are used to determine the most advantageous market, as follows:
Market A: Net Price = Quoted Price - Transaction Costs = $76 - 5 = $71 Market B: Net Price = Quoted
Price - Transaction Costs = $74 - 2 = $72
Because the net price in Market B is higher than the net price in Market A, Market B is the most
advantageous market and the quoted price in Market B ($74) is the fair value of the asset. Choice "a" is incorrect.
This is the net price in Market A.
Fair value does not include transaction costs. Choice "b" is incorrect. This is the net price in Market B.
This net price indicates that Market B is the most
advantageous market, but the net price is not the fair value because fair value does not include
transaction costs. Choice "d" is incorrect. If Market A were the principal market for the asset, then this
would be the fair value of the asset. However, because there is no principal market, the price in the most
advantageous market (Market B) is the price of the asset.