The critical longest) path is A-D-E, which has an expected time of 13 days 5.5 +7.5). However, to decrease the project's completion time by 1.5 days, paths A-B-C-E 4.5 + 1.0 +
6.5 = 12 days) and A-B-D-E 4.5 + .5 + 7.5 = 12.5 days) as well as A-D-E must also be shortened. Hence, A-D-E must be reduced by 1.5 days, A-B-C-E by .5 day, and A-B-D-E by
1.0 day. The only way to decrease A-D-E by 1.5 days is to crash activity. AD 5.5 expected time -4.0 crash time = 1.5 days). Crashing DE results in a 1.0-day saving 7.5 - 6.5) only.
Crashing AB is the efficient way to reduce both A-B-C-E and A-B-D-E by the desired amount of time because it i s hart of both paths. The incremental cost of crashing AB is U $1,000 US $4,000 crash cost - US $3,000 normal cost) to shorten the completion time by
1.0 day 4.5 - 3.5). The alternatives for decreasing both A-B-C-E and A-B-D-E are more costly.

The supply chain consists of flows from sources of a) raw materials, b) components, c) finished goods, d) services, or e) information through intermediaries to ultimate consumers.
These flows and the related activities may occur across the functions in an organization's value chain R&D, design, production, marketing, distribution, and customer service). These flours and the related activities also may occur across separate organizations.

Process costing is used to assign costs to products or services. It is relatively homogeneous items that are mass produced on a continuous basis. Process costing is the average cost per unit produced, or total cost divided by the number of units US $150,000 + $90,000 $15,000 + $3,000 + $66,000 = US $354,000 - 600,000 = US $0.59). Ramseur Company employs a process costing system for its two-department manufacturing operation using the first-in, first- out FIFO) inventory method. When units are completed in Department 1, they are transferred to Department 2 for completion. Inspection takes place in Department 2 immediately before the direct materials are added, when the process is 70% complete with respect to conversion. The specific identification method is used to account for lost units. The number of defective units that is, those failing inspection) is usually below the normal tolerance limit of 4% of units inspected. Defective units have minimal value, and the company sells them without any further processing for whatever it can. Generally, the amount collected equals, or slightly exceeds, the transportation cost. A summary of the manufacturing activity for Department 2, in units for the current month, is presented in the next column.

The infant-industry argument contends that protective tariffs are needed to allow new domestic industries to become established. Once such industries reach a maturity stage in their life cycles, the tariffs can supp: - dry be removed.