ISO 45001 emphasizes the importance of worker participation, particularly non-managerial workers, in developing and improving the OH&S management system. Clause 5.4 outlines specific areas where their involvement is crucial.
Analysis of Options:
* A. Determining competence requirements:Incorrect. Competence requirements are primarily determined by management but may involve feedback from workers.
* B. Determining how to fulfil legal requirements:Incorrect. Management typically handles compliance with legal requirements.
* C. Determining controls on outsourced processes:Incorrect. This is a management responsibility.
* D. Managing the internal audit programme:Incorrect. Workers participate in audits, but managing the program is a management task.
* E. Determining what needs to be communicated:Incorrect. Communication strategies are usually set by management.
* F. Determining actions to eliminate hazards:Correct. Non-managerial workers' input is vital in identifying and eliminating workplace hazards (Clause 8.1.2).
* G. Establishing the OHS policy:Correct. Workers' participation in policy development ensures it is relevant and inclusive (Clause 5.2).
* H. Establishing OHS objectives:Correct. Workers' participation ensures that objectives are practical and aligned with workplace realities (Clause 6.2).

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit References Clause 8.1.2 of ISO 45001 pertains to Eliminating Hazards and Reducing OH&S Risks. Organizations must implement appropriate controls to manage workplace hazards effectively.
* Issue Identified:The kitchen environment at the audited site presents multiple hazards, including:
* Oil spillage creating a slip hazard.
* Open drums of waste material posing a chemical or hygiene hazard.
* Unsecured knives and cleavers increasing the risk of cuts.
* Boiling water left unattended, posing a risk of burns.
* Lack of visible fire extinguishers or fire blankets, increasing fire risk.
* Analysis of Options:
* A. Failure to reduce risks associated with working in the kitchen.This option accurately captures the broader failure to implement effective measures to eliminate or reduce hazards across multiple areas in the kitchen.
* B. Measures to prevent slippage in the kitchen from waste cooking oil were not taken.This is specific to one hazard (oil spillage) and does not address other significant risks observed, such as fire safety or sharp tools.
* C. Staff are at risk of serious injury while working in the kitchen.While true, this is more of a general observation and does not address the root cause of the hazards or the failure of controls.
* D. Training of the kitchen staff was not effective enough to prevent poor safety awareness in the kitchen area.Although training deficiencies may contribute to the issue, this option does not reflect the overarching systemic failure to manage hazards effectively.
* Best Description of the Nonconformance:Failure to reduce risks associated with working in the kitchen (Option A) is the most comprehensive finding, reflecting the organization's lack of adequate controls to mitigate hazards.
ISO References:
* Clause 8.1.2: Organizations must establish controls to eliminate or minimize OH&S risks systematically.
* Clause 7.2: Ensuring competency through training is important but must be coupled with hazard control measures.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Analysis of Each Option:
A . The organisation should review the audit plan for agreement.
True.
According to ISO 45001 guidelines and ISO 19011 (Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems), it is standard practice for the auditee organization to review and agree to the audit plan to ensure clarity on scope, objectives, and processes.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.3.2.
B . The audit team leader does not select the OHS audit team members.
False.
The audit team leader is responsible for selecting competent team members with the requisite expertise to evaluate the auditee's Occupational Health & Safety Management System (OHSMS). Selection is based on criteria such as knowledge of ISO 45001, auditing skills, and understanding of the industry.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018, Clause 5.4.2 and 6.3.1.
C . The audit team leader should plan to interview each employee.
False.
While employee interviews are an essential part of gathering evidence during an ISO 45001 audit, interviewing every employee is impractical and unnecessary. A representative sampling strategy is used to assess compliance across various levels and departments.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.6.
D . The audit team leader should present the plan to the auditee before the Stage 2 audit.
True.
Presenting the audit plan to the auditee before the audit is essential to ensure all parties are informed and prepared for the audit. This practice is emphasized in ISO 19011 and supports transparency and effective audit execution.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.3.3.
E . The organisation should cancel staff leave during the audit.
False.
ISO 45001 and related audit guidelines do not mandate the cancellation of staff leave during audits. While key personnel should be available, the audit team collaborates with the organization to plan around leave schedules to minimize disruption.
Reference: Not explicitly covered in ISO 45001 or ISO 19011; falls under planning discretion.
F . The plan does not need to include the names of the senior managers.
True.
While the audit plan should outline the scope, objectives, and methods, it does not specifically require the inclusion of senior managers' names unless they are directly involved in the audit.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.3.2.
Key ISO Reference:
ISO 45001:2018, Clause 9.2 (Internal Audit Requirements).
ISO 19011:2018, Clauses 5.4.2, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, and 6.4.6.

Clause 10.2 of ISO 45001 requires organizations to investigate incidents, determine root causes, and implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence.
Analysis of Options:
A . Check whether corrective actions were taken.
This directly relates to the requirement to implement corrective actions to address the identified risks and hazards. Failure to do so would indicate nonconformity.
B . Determine whether the Health and Safety Authority was notified.
Notification is a legal requirement in certain jurisdictions, but it is not explicitly required under ISO 45001 unless the legal context demands it.
C . Establish whether the root cause was determined.
Root cause analysis is fundamental for effective corrective action. Without this, corrective measures may not address the underlying problem.
D . Find out when the operator's machine was last subject to maintenance.
While maintenance is important, it does not directly address the incident's nonconformity.
E . Find out whether the operator was sent to the hospital.
Sending the operator to the hospital is a reactive step and not relevant to compliance with Clause 10.2.
F . Interview the operator about PPE usage.
This is relevant but insufficient for determining compliance with Clause 10.2.
ISO Reference:
Clause 10.2: Investigation of incidents, determination of causes, and implementation of corrective actions.
Clause 8.1.2: Hierarchy of controls and risk reduction.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Hazard: A potential source of harm or adverse health effects.
Risk: The likelihood of harm occurring as a result of the hazard.
Danger: An immediate threat that requires urgent action.
Analysis of Options:
A . Conference room emergency sign directs people to an exit that is no longer available for use (Hazard):
Correctly identified as a hazard since it poses a potential risk during emergencies.
B . The carpet on the main staircase is peeling off (Risk):
This is a hazard, not a risk, as it represents a source of potential harm.
C . The emergency light in the gift shop did not work when checked (Risk):
This is a hazard because it is a condition that could lead to a risk during emergencies.
D . The fire extinguishers in the Natural World area have not been serviced in the last five years (Risk):
Correctly identified as a risk because the likelihood of fire-related harm increases without proper servicing.
E . The head of the dinosaur suspended over the main hall has become detached from the rest of the skeleton (Risk):
This is a hazard, not a risk, as it represents a potential source of harm.
F . The non-slip mats have been removed from the restaurant (Risk):
This is a hazard, not a risk.
G . There is a high possibility of unfit food being sold due to the failure of the oven temperature indicator in the visitors' restaurant (Hazard):
This is a risk because it specifies the likelihood of harm occurring (selling unfit food).
H . There is a water leak next to the electric heater in the admissions area (Danger):
Correctly identified as a danger because it represents an immediate and critical threat.
ISO Reference:
Clause 6.1.2: Hazard identification and assessment of risks and opportunities.