Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit References
* Hazard: A potential source of harm or adverse health effects.
* Risk: The likelihood of harm occurring as a result of the hazard.
* Danger: An immediate threat that requires urgent action.
Analysis of Options:
* A. Conference room emergency sign directs people to an exit that is no longer available for use (Hazard):Correctly identified as a hazard since it poses a potential risk during emergencies.
* B. The carpet on the main staircase is peeling off (Risk):This is a hazard, not a risk, as it represents a source of potential harm.
* C. The emergency light in the gift shop did not work when checked (Risk):This is a hazard because it is a condition that could lead to a risk during emergencies.
* D. The fire extinguishers in the Natural World area have not been serviced in the last five years (Risk):Correctly identified as a risk because the likelihood of fire-related harm increases without proper servicing.
* E. The head of the dinosaur suspended over the main hall has become detached from the rest of the skeleton (Risk):This is a hazard, not a risk, as it represents a potential source of harm.
* F. The non-slip mats have been removed from the restaurant (Risk):This is a hazard, not a risk.
* G. There is a high possibility of unfit food being sold due to the failure of the oven temperature indicator in the visitors' restaurant (Hazard):This is a risk because it specifies the likelihood of harm occurring (selling unfit food).
* H. There is a water leak next to the electric heater in the admissions area (Danger):Correctly identified as a danger because it represents an immediate and critical threat.
ISO References:
* Clause 6.1.2: Hazard identification and assessment of risks and opportunities.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 5.4 of ISO 45001:2018 emphasizes the importance of worker consultation and participation in the OHS management system. It requires organizations to establish processes that ensure workers are actively involved in decision-making and implementation of OHS practices.
Analysis of Options:
A . Promoting collaborating workers to higher positions:
While promotions may boost morale, they do not directly contribute to worker consultation and participation in the OHSMS.
B . Appointing worker representatives:
This action fosters direct communication and representation of workers' interests in health and safety matters.
C . Conducting toolbox talks on health and safety:
Toolbox talks are an effective way to engage workers in discussing and addressing health and safety issues.
D . Giving ownership of health and safety matters:
Involving workers in decision-making and giving them responsibility for specific health and safety tasks encourages participation.
E . Ignoring workers' suggestions:
This undermines consultation and is contrary to ISO 45001 principles.
F . Implementing a payment scheme to reward workers' OHS performance:
While incentives can motivate safe behavior, they are not a consultation or participation mechanism as required by Clause 5.4.
G . Implementing methods for engaging workers:
This aligns directly with Clause 5.4, as effective engagement methods (e.g., surveys, focus groups) enhance participation.
H . Threatening reprisals to whistleblowers:
This violates ISO 45001 principles and discourages worker participation.
ISO Reference:
Clause 5.4: Worker consultation and participation.
Clause 5.1: Leadership's responsibility to foster participation.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit References Activities following the closure of a third-party audit are generally related to improving the audit process and addressing any unresolved issues.
Analysis of Options:
* A. Addressing any audit complaints:Correct. Post-audit, complaints or concerns from stakeholders are addressed to improve the audit process and maintain credibility.
* B. Conducting a closing meeting:Incorrect. The closing meeting occurs before the audit is closed.
* C. Conducting a review of opportunities for improvement:Correct. Reviewing opportunities for improvement post-audit helps in refining processes and aligning them with organizational goals.
* D. Revising the audit's objectives:Incorrect. Audit objectives are established during the planning phase, not after the audit has been closed.
* E. Updating risks and opportunities to the audit programme:Incorrect. Updates to risks and opportunities occur during ongoing audits, not specifically post-audit.
* F. Writing the audit report:Incorrect. The audit report is prepared before the audit is officially closed.
ISO References:
* Clause 9.2.2: Audit process review.
* ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.7: Managing complaints and follow-up.

Explanation:
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Explanation:
* Prepares the audit report # Audit Team Leader:The Audit Team Leader is responsible for compiling and preparing the final audit report, summarizing findings and conclusions.
* Prepares audit checklists for use during the audit # Auditor:Auditors create checklists to ensure a thorough and systematic evaluation during the audit.
* Participates under the direction and guidance of an auditor # Auditor in Training:An auditor in training works under supervision to gain experience and contribute to the audit process.
* Follows up on audit findings within an agreed timeframe # Auditee:The auditee is responsible for addressing and resolving audit findings and providing evidence of corrective actions.
* A person who accompanies the audit team but does not act as an auditor # Observer:Observers are typically external parties or internal personnel who watch the audit process but do not participate actively.
* Escorts the auditors but does not participate in the audit # Guide:A guide facilitates the audit by helping auditors navigate the site and access relevant areas or documents.
References
* ISO 19011:2018: Guidelines for auditing management systems.

The auditor should assess whether the organization's planned action (using masks in case of dust extraction failure) is both implemented and effective. This aligns with ISO 45001 requirements to ensure that control measures are functional and meet the intended objectives.
* Clause 8.1.2 (Hierarchy of Controls):The use of PPE, such as masks, is considered a last resort in the hierarchy of controls. The organization must demonstrate that the measure is:
* Implemented (e.g., PPE is available and workers are trained to use it).
* Effective (e.g., masks provide adequate protection against dust).
* Analysis of Options:
* A. Advise that the factory should cease operations if the dust extraction equipment malfunctioned.While ceasing operations may be a necessary control in extreme situations, it is not a practical or realistic recommendation unless a high-risk scenario cannot be otherwise managed.
* B. Ask the OHSMS Manager to confirm regulatory compliance.Regulatory compliance is important but does not fully address the requirement to ensure the action is effective.
* C. Seek evidence that the response action is both implemented and effective.This is the most appropriate response. The auditor must verify implementation and effectiveness to determine conformity.
* D. Suggest increasing maintenance checks.Maintenance is important for preventing equipment breakdowns, but this option does not address the immediate audit finding about the adequacy of response actions.
ISO References:
* Clause 8.1.2: Emphasizes applying the hierarchy of controls effectively.
* Clause 9.1.1: Requires monitoring and measuring controls to ensure effectiveness.