If a service level agreement is used as a schedule to a contract, it will generally have the following contents:
- Service definitions. If the service information is provided by the specification, SLA should only refer to the specification to avoid any inconsistencies.
- Details on how to measure KPIs, who will measure KPIs
- Minimum requirements or targets
- Remedies if the minimum requirements are not met
...
Since SLA often lists out the KPI targets, consequences for not meeting the KPI targets and remedies to situation of poor performance, it is a part of performance management.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2

Based on two famous precedents, Fisher v. Bell (1961) and Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v. Boots Cash Chemists (1953), the display on shop window is considered as an invitation to treat. The shop owner can change the price when his customer asks to buy.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2

Consideration only appears in common law countries. Below are some examples of what is and what is not consideration:
- Past consideration is something that has already been done or given. This cannot act as consideration
- Implied consideration: if the detail of a promise to pay is expressed after the provision of goods or services, but there is an implication that such promise would be forthcoming, this may (depending on the facts) be valid consideration.
- A promise given to a third party: this is not normally consideration, and is based on a concept known as privity of contract. Anyone who is not a party to the contract, even if they are beneficiary of it, cannot sue if the terms of the contract are breached.
- A promise to perform over and above an existing obligation: This is always consideration Reference:
- Consideration & Promissory Estoppel
- CIPS study guide page 36-40
LO 1, AC 1.2

Reasons for including social and environmental criteria may include the following:
- Expected Cost Savings and Financial Motives
- Management Support and Commitment
- Employees
- Altruistic Values
- Power Imbalances along the supply chain
- Image and Reputation
- Government Regulations
- Customers
- Competitors
Management, employees, government, customers and competitors are among the stakeholders that make pressures to the organisation on social and environmental criteria.
Reference:
- Drivers and Barriers to the Adoption of Sustainable Procurement in SMEs
- CIPS study guide page 95-96
LO 2, AC 2.1

Variable pricing is suitable to situations when the cost of certain elements of the product fluctuate unpredictably. For road building, asphalt fluctuates regularly. Furthermore, 5 years are long period, then variable pricing is the most appropriate method to achieve value for money and control budget.
A contract for window cleaning during the next three months is a short-term service contract, fixed price is the most suitable method.
A contract for the supply of lubricating oil for immediate delivery is an one-off contract, only fixed price is applicable.
A contract for the supply of 100 printing machines to be delivered next month is also an one-off contract.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.3