According toMichael Porter's Value Chain,primary activitiesincludeinbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service.Procurement and HRaresupport activities.
Short cited term: "primary activities - logistics, operations, marketing and sales" (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 76).
Reference:CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 76.

A downstream supplier influencesmost aspects of qualitybutnot customer perception, which is shaped by marketing and brand functions.
Short cited term: "except customer perception, influenced by marketing" (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 30).
Reference:CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 30.

Multi-sourcing canincrease inventory/duplicationand createquality inconsistencybetween sources. Reduced dependency (C) is anadvantage, and (D) is a neutral characteristic rather than a disadvantage. Short extract: " multiple sources may lead to duplication/stock and variable quality." (L5M7 Study Guide, p.6) Reference:L5M7 Study Guide, p.6.

Supply chains are characterised bythree primary flows- materials, information, and finance. "Decision flow" is not a recognised category.
Short cited term: "three main flows: material, information, finance." (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 155) Reference:CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 155.

Defects discoveredbefore dispatchare classified asinternal failures, including rework, scrap, or re-inspection.
Short cited term: "internal failure = defects found before reaching customer." (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 128) Reference:CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 128.