In terms of performance and perception, the best description for a car with a reputation as an unreliable vehicle that gets better mileage and more reliable operation at a lower cost than other vehicles in its class is Option C.
Option C represents a car with high performance (indicated by the upward arrow) and low perception (indicated by the downward arrow). Despite its reputation as unreliable, this car outperforms others in terms of mileage and reliability, making it a cost-effective choice. The combination of better performance and lower perception aligns with the scenario described. References: : The ASQ Certified Manager of Quality/Organizational Excellence Handbook, Fifth Edition. Sandra L. Furterer and Douglas C. Wood.
Published 2021. ISBN: 9781951058067. Item Number: H1569. Link

The Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) is a tool used for planning and managing the implementation of a process or project. It helps identify potential problems, risks, and decisions related to the process.
Specifically, the PDPC can be used to determine how material is handled and who should handle it. Here's how it works:
* Identify the Process or Project: Start by defining the process or project you want to analyze. In this case, we're interested in material handling.
* Identify Key Decisions and Actions: List the critical decisions and actions related to material handling.
For example:
* How will materials be transported?
* Who will be responsible for handling materials at each step?
* What are the potential risks or challenges?
* Create a Tree Diagram: The PDPC is typically represented as a tree diagram. Each decision or action becomes a branch of the tree. For material handling, the branches might include:
* Transportation methods (e.g., conveyor belt, forklift, manual handling)
* Personnel responsible (e.g., warehouse staff, operators)
* Contingency plans (e.g., backup procedures in case of delays)
* Anticipate Problems and Solutions: Along each branch, identify potential problems or risks. For example:
* Transportation delays
* Staff shortages
* Equipment breakdowns
* Develop Contingency Plans: For each problem, create contingency plans or alternative solutions. These
* ensure that material handling can continue smoothly even if issues arise.
* Assign Responsibility: Specify who is responsible for implementing each decision or action. This clarifies who should handle material-related tasks.
* Evaluate and Adjust: Continuously review and update the PDPC as needed. If new risks emerge or if the process changes, adjust the chart accordingly.
In summary, the PDPC is a valuable tool for planning and decision-making, especially when material handling is involved. It helps ensure that all aspects of the process are considered, risks are mitigated, and responsibilities are clearly defined1.
References: 5. The ASQ Certified Manager of Quality/Organizational Excellence Handbook, Fifth Edition.
Sandra L. Furterer and Douglas C. Wood. Published 2021. Link

Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) is a powerful methodology that combines Six Sigma and Design Thinking principles to create innovative, high-quality products and processes. It focuses on developing new products, services, or processes that meet customer needs and achieve high quality. Here are some key tools commonly used in DFSS:
* Voice of the Customer (VOC):
* Actively listening to customers and gathering feedback.
* Conducting market research to understand customer requirements.
* Translating customer insights into specific design requirements.
* Quality Function Deployment (QFD):
* Translates customer needs into product and process requirements.
* Helps align design decisions with customer expectations.
* Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA):
* Evaluates the process to identify potential failure points.
* Calculates the relative impact of different types of failures.
* Factors considered: occurrence rating, detection rating, and severity rating.
* Design of Experiments (DOE):
* Helps identify problems in the process that cause defects in the product or service.
* Systematically explores variables and their interactions.
* Aims to optimize performance and minimize variation.
In summary, DFSS tools ensure that products and processes are user-centric from the beginning, leading to improved customer satisfaction and consistent quality1.
:
1: The Knowledge Academy: Design for Six Sigma (DFSS): Benefits & Tools