According to Juran's philosophy on quality management, the critical element present in all corporate successes and absent in most failures is top management involvement. Juran emphasized that for quality initiatives to be successful, there must be a genuine commitment from top-level management. Without this commitment, efforts towards quality improvement are likely to be ineffective. The Juran Trilogy, which includes quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement, advocates for a company-wide dedication to quality, driven by a top-down approach where leadership plays a pivotal role in managing for quality excellence.
References:
* The Management Theory of Joseph Juran1
* The Juran Excellence Model2
* Joseph Juran: Founder of many of the key quality management programs3

Takt time is a critical concept in lean manufacturing and production. It represents the rate at which a product or service must be produced to meet customer demand while maintaining a balanced production flow. The correct formula for takt time is the quantity demanded by the customer in a period of time divided by available production time. This ensures that production aligns with customer requirements and prevents overproduction or underproduction1.
:
ASQ Certified Manager of Quality/Organizational Excellence1