Explanation
COBIT addresses governance issues by grouping relevant governance components into objectives that can be managed to a required capability level. This is based on the principle of performance, which states that
"governance of enterprise I&T should ensure that I&T performance is measured using relevant metrics; transparently communicated to stakeholders; evaluated against targets; and leads to appropriate management actions" . COBIT does not provide a full description of the entire IT environment or define specific governance strategies and processes, but rather provides a generic and flexible framework that can be adapted to different contexts and situations.

Explanation
A focus area describes a specific governance topic, domain or issue that can be addressed by a collection of governance and management objectives and their components. A focus area provides guidance on how to apply COBIT to a specific business driver or pain point, such as digital transformation, cybersecurity, privacy, or business continuity. A focus area can also provide guidance on how to align COBIT with other standards, frameworks or regulations. A focus area is based on the COBIT 2019 Design Guide3, page 19. References: 3:
COBIT 2019 Design Guide | Digital | English

Explanation
The Goals Cascade model illustrates how enterprise goals cascade to alignment goals and then to governance and management objectives. Each governance or management objective supports the achievement of one or more alignment goals that are related to larger enterprise goals. The alignment goals are derived from the balanced scorecard (BSC) dimensions of financial, customer, internal, and learning and growth1, p. 16.
References: 1: COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives

Select the strategy archetype most closely aligned to the enterprise's information and technology risk profile. When determining which of the archetype enterprise strategies most closely aligns with an enterprise's own strategy, it is best to select the strategy archetype that best fits the enterprise's information and technology risk profile. This will ensure that the enterprise's strategy is tailored to its own specific risk profile and that the strategy is best suited to address its unique challenges. This is outlined in the COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, which states that "It is important to select the strategy archetype that best fits the enterprise's IT risk profile and is best suited to address the challenges faced by the enterprise." (ISACA, COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, USA, 2018. Reprinted with permission).