Explanation
COBIT defines stakeholder value creation as the realization of benefits at an optimal resource cost while optimizing risk. This is based on the principle of balance, which states that "governance of enterprise I&T should ensure that stakeholder needs, conditions and options are evaluated to determine balanced, agreed-on enterprise objectives to be achieved; setting direction through prioritization and decision making; and monitoring performance and compliance against agreed-on direction and objectives" . Value creation is not only about reducing costs or mitigating risks, but also about optimizing them in relation to the expected benefits.

Explanation
The IT governance implementation approach that should be utilized in order to achieve maximum enterprise benefits is treating implementation as a program. A program is a coordinated set of projects and activities that are designed to achieve a specific set of objectives within a defined scope, time frame, and budget. Treating implementation as a program helps to ensure that IT governance is planned, executed, monitored, controlled, and evaluated in a systematic and consistent manner, following best practices and standards. The approach is based on the COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide5, page 29. 5: COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide | Digital | English

Explanation
According to the COBIT 2019 Design Guide, when designing an IT governance system, the next step after considering the enterprise's strategic business objectives is to assess the enterprise's risk profile. The enterprise's risk profile reflects the level of risk exposure and appetite that the organization is willing to accept in pursuit of its objectives. The risk profile also influences the selection of governance objectives, components and practices that are appropriate for managing IT-related risks.1, p. 18-19 References: 1: COBIT 2019 Design Guide: Designing an Information and Technology Governance Solution