Explanation
An example of a governance system component is the compliance regulations applicable to the enterprise. The governance system components are the elements that constitute a governance system for an enterprise using COBIT 2019. The governance system components include principles enablers goals processes practices roles structures metrics etc., that enable an enterprise to govern and manage its information and technology activities effectively efficiently reliably securely etc. The compliance regulations are the laws regulations standards guidelines contracts or agreements that govern the information and technology activities of an enterprise. The compliance regulations influence the level of control and assurance that an enterprise needs to demonstrate its adherence to the applicable rules and obligations. By considering the compliance regulations as a governance system component an enterprise can ensure that its governance system is appropriate for its context and objectives that it can effectively manage the potential impacts of non-compliance on its reputation performance value stakeholder trust etc., that it can align its information and technology activities with the relevant standards guidelines regulations best practices etc., that it can meet stakeholder requirements expectations etc., 5 References: 5: COBIT 2019 Design Guide: page 47-48 : COBIT 2019 Framework:
Governance System Components: page 27-28

Explanation
The process practices are the descriptions of the activities that are performed within a process to achieve its purpose and outcomes. The process practices are organized into three levels: basic, intermediate, and advanced. The process practices also include inputs, outputs, roles, responsibilities, goals, and metrics for each activity. The process practices are aligned with the capability levels that can be used as benchmarks to measure and improve the performance of a process. The capability levels are a measure of how well an enterprise performs its information and technology governance and management processes in terms of process attributes such as process performance, process definition, process deployment, process measurement, process control, process optimization etc. The capability levels range from 0 (incomplete) to 5 (optimizing), indicating the degree of maturity and effectiveness of an enterprise's information and technology governance and management processes. By using the process practices as benchmarks, an enterprise can assess its current capability level for each process, identify the gaps or issues that need to be addressed, set the target capability level for each process based on its strategy, objectives, needs, expectations, etc., and implement the actions and initiatives that are required to enhance the capability level for each process12 References: 1: COBIT 2019 Process Reference Guide: Governance and Management Objectives: page 13-15 2: COBIT 2019 Process Assessment Model: page 11-13

According to Isaca COBIT 2019, a key consideration when determining the initial scope of a governance system is the compliance requirements faced by the enterprise. This includes laws, regulations and other requirements which the enterprise must comply with. Additionally, it is important to consider the current IT-related issues of the enterprise and the role of IT within the enterprise, as well as the size of the enterprise.

Explanation
One of the benefits derived from the use of COBIT is that it helps to ensure compliance with applicable rules and regulations. This benefit is primarily associated with an external stakeholder, such as a regulator, auditor, customer, or partner, who expects the enterprise to adhere to certain standards and requirements. COBIT provides guidance on how to align the governance and management of enterprise IT with relevant laws, regulations, and contractual obligations12. COBIT also helps to establish and maintain a compliance culture and program within the enterprise3. References: 1: COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, page 17 2: COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives, page 19 3: COBIT 2019 Design Guide: Designing an Information and Technology Governance Solution, page 77

Explanation
The function of a mapping table when determining the initial scope of a new governance system is to indicate the relevance of a governance or management objective with a particular design factor. A mapping table is a tool that helps to identify and prioritize the governance and management objectives that are most applicable and important for the enterprise, based on its specific characteristics and context. A design factor is one of the characteristics of the enterprise that influence the design and operation of a governance system, such as size, industry, culture, strategy, etc. A mapping table shows the degree of relevance of each governance and management objective with each design factor, using a scale from 0 (not relevant) to 5 (very relevant). The function is based on the COBIT 2019 Design Guide, page 23. References: : COBIT 2019 Design Guide | Digital | English