According to the PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, the auditee should take the following actions in response to a nonconformity against clause 6.1.3.e of ISO/IEC 27001:20221:
* Implement the appropriate risk treatment for each of the applicable controls, as this is the main requirement of clause 6.1.3.e and the objective of the risk treatment process2.
* Revise the relevant content in the Statement of Applicability to justify their exclusion, as this is the expected output of the risk treatment process and the evidence of the risk-based decisions3.
* Revisit the risk assessment process relating to the three controls, as this is the input for the risk treatment process and the source of identifying the risks and the controls4.
The other options are not correct because:
* Allocating responsibility for producing evidence to prove to auditors that the controls are implemented is not a valid action, as the audit team already found that there was no evidence of the implementation of the three controls.
* Compiling plans for the periodic assessment of the risks associated with the controls is not a valid action, as this is part of the risk monitoring and review process, not the risk treatment process5.
* Incorporating written procedures for the controls into the organisation's Security Manual is not a valid action, as this is part of the documentation and operation of the ISMS, not the risk treatment process.
* Removing the three controls from the Statement of Applicability is not a valid action, as this is not a sufficient justification for their exclusion and does not reflect the risk treatment process.
* Undertaking a survey of customers to find out if the controls are needed by them is not a valid action, as this is not a relevant criterion for the risk assessment and treatment process, which should be based on the organisation's own context and objectives.
References: 1: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 36, section 4.5.22: ISO
/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.3.e3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.3.f4: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.25:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.2. : ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 7.5 and 8. : ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause
6.1.3.d. : ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 4.1 and 4.2.

Materiality in the context of an audit involves assessing what level of nonconformities or failures, including those related to legal and contractual compliance, would be significant enough to affect the audit conclusions.
Costs related to these issues are considered when determining materiality.
References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems

Integrity is one of the basic components of information security, along with confidentiality and availability.
Integrity means that information is safeguarded from unauthorized or accidental changes that could affect its accuracy and completeness. Integrity ensures that information is reliable and trustworthy3. References: ISO
/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course - BSI

The three options that would not be valid audit trails are:
*Collect more evidence on how the organisation manages the Point of Contact (PoC) which monitors vulnerabilities. (Relevant to clause 8.1)
*Collect more evidence on whether terms and definitions are contained in the information security policy.
(Relevant to control 5.32)
*Collect more evidence to determine if ISO 27035 (Information security incident management) is used as internal audit criteria. (Relevant to clause 8.13) These options are not valid audit trails because they are not directly related to the information security incident management process, which is the focus of the audit. The audit trails should be relevant to the objectives, scope, and criteria of the audit, and should provide sufficient and reliable evidence to support the audit findings and conclusions1.
Option E is not valid because the PoC is not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a role that is responsible for reporting and escalating information security incidents to the appropriate authorities2. The audit trail should focus on how the PoC performs this function, not how the organisation manages the PoC.
Option G is not valid because the terms and definitions are not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a part of the information security policy, which is a high-level document that defines the organisation's information security objectives, principles, and responsibilities3. The audit trail should focus on how the information security policy is communicated, implemented, and reviewed, not whether it contains terms and definitions.
Option H is not valid because ISO 27035 is not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a guidance document that provides best practices for managing information security incidents4. The audit trail should focus on how the organisation follows the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:
2022 for information security incident management, not whether it uses ISO 27035 as an internal audit criteria.
The other options are valid audit trails because they are related to the information security incident management process, and they can provide useful evidence to evaluate the conformity and effectiveness of the process. For example:
*Option A is valid because it relates to control A.5.29, which requires the organisation to establish procedures to isolate and quarantine areas subject to information security incidents, in order to prevent further damage and preserve evidence5. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation implements and tests these procedures, and how they ensure the continuity of information security during disruption.
*Option B is valid because it relates to control A.6.8, which requires the organisation to establish mechanisms for reporting information security events and weaknesses, and to ensure that they are communicated in a timely manner to the appropriate levels within the organisation6. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation defines and uses these mechanisms, and how they monitor and review the reporting process.
*Option C is valid because it relates to clause 7.2, which requires the organisation to provide information security awareness, education, and training to all persons under its control, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these activities7. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation identifies the information security training needs, how they deliver and record the training, and how they measure the learning outcomes and feedback.
*Option D is valid because it relates to control A.5.27, which requires the organisation to learn from information security incidents and to implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence or reduce impact8.
The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation analyses and documents the root causes and consequences of information security incidents, how they identify and implement corrective actions, and how they verify the effectiveness of these actions.
*Option F is valid because it relates to control A.5.30, which requires the organisation to establish and maintain a business continuity plan to ensure the availability of information and information processing facilities in the event of a severe information security incident9. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation develops and updates the business continuity plan, how they test and review the plan, and how they communicate and train the relevant personnel on the plan.
References: 1: ISO 19011:2018, 6.2;
2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.6.8.1;
3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 5.2;
4: ISO/IEC 27035:2016, Introduction;
5: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.5.29;
6: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.6.8;
7: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 7.2;
8: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.5.27;
9: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.5.30;
10: ISO 19011:2018;
11: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
12: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
13: ISO/IEC 27035:2016;
14: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
15: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
16: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
17: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
18: ISO/IEC 27001:2022

The standard definition of ISMS is a systematic approach for establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, maintaining and improving an organization's information security to achieve business objectives. This definition is given in clause 3.17 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, and it describes the main components and purpose of an ISMS. An ISMS is not a project-based approach, as it is an ongoing process that requires continual improvement. An ISMS is not a company wide business objective, as it is a management system that supports the organization's objectives. An ISMS is not an information security systematic approach, as it is a broader concept that encompasses the organization's context, risks, controls, and performance. Reference: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 15. : ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 3.17.