Consulting leadershipinvolves engaging team members in decision-making, valuing their input before implementing actions. It encourages ownership, trust, and collaboration-sitting between directive and participative styles.
Reference:CIPS L5M15 -Leadership Styles in Team Negotiation (Domain 3.2).

Distributive bargaining treats the deal as a fixed pie: what one party gains, the other loses. It typically uses competitive tactics aimed at claiming value rather than creating it and is closely associated with win-lose outcomes.
Reference:CIPS Level 5, L5M15 - Topic: Distributive (Competitive) vs Integrative (Collaborative) Negotiation.

In CIPS terms,crowdsourcingmeans collecting information or opinions from a large group via digital platforms. It can be useful forresearching suppliers, validating performance, and benchmarking reputations before negotiations.
Reference:CIPS L5M15 -Information Gathering & External Intelligence Tools (Domain 2.1).

In Tuckman's team development model:Forming # Storming # Norming # Performing # Adjourning
/Mourning. "Storming" is the first stage listed here and marks initial conflict as roles and norms form.
Reference:CIPS L5M15 -Team Dynamics: Tuckman's Stages (Domain 3.1).

Gamesmanship/brinkmanshipare aggressive, high-pressure tactics that can harm relationships. They are generally reserved forone-off or transactionalsituations where ongoing relationship quality is not a priority.
Reference:CIPS L5M15 - Competitive Tactics: Gamesmanship & Brinkmanship (Domain 2.2).