An ice cream manufacturer experiences regular fluctuations in sales.
Which component in a time series do these fluctuations represent?

State whether the following costs are relevant or non-relevant in the context of short-term decision making scenarios.

Traditional absorption costing is more suitable than activity-based costing when:

A company produces a product that requires two materials, Material A and Material B. Details of the material quantities and costs for August are given in the table below.

Budgeted and actual output of the product for August was 12,000 units.
The material yield variance for August is:

A company sells two products, X and Y, which are always sold in the same ratio.
No inventories are held.
The following budgeted data relate to month 10:

What is the budgeted margin of safety in month 10?