Explanation: The situation outlined above can be defined as role conflict. Role conflict exists when an employee does not understand exactly what is expected of him. This problem is common when an employee must report to more than one superior. Role orientation is the process of becoming familiar with an employee role. Role overload is a sense of anxiety or panic produced by a perception that one is being asked to do too much. Role ambiguity is a general lack of clarity regarding the parameters of the employee role. Goal ambiguity is particularly common when a new position has been created within the organization, and the requirements of the position have yet to be finalized.

Explanation: Unless otherwise stipulated, an Executive Order becomes law after 30 days. The other answer choices are either too low (15 days) or too high (45 days and 60 days).

Explanation: The Department of Justice is responsible for enforcing privacy laws. The other agencies listed-the EEOC, the FTC, and the DOL-are all responsible for enforcing other laws that apply to the employeremployee relationship.

Explanation: Bottomup methods of communication include an opendoor policy, webcasts, and staff meetings; in each case, the employees are considered an active part of the discussion and even decision making. Individual letters represent a topdown method of communication, because topdown communication focuses more on the management informing employees of decisions.

Explanation: As mentioned in the answer for question 149, the LaborManagement Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA) of 1959 also goes by the name of LandrumGriffith (or the LandrumGriffith Act). The TaftHartley Act is the alternative name for the LaborManagement Relations Act (LMRA) of 1947. The NorrisLaGuardia goes by no other name. The Wagner Act is the alternative name for the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).