Explanation: Grover's boss is guilty of promissory estoppel. Promissory estoppel is the failure to deliver a promised reward for services rendered. An employer who is found guilty of this may be forced to deliver the reward or equivalent compensation. Fraudulent misrepresentation is similar, but it is restricted to lies or misleading statements that persuade a candidate to join the company. Constructive discharge occurs when the work environment becomes so unpleasant that the employee is forced to quit. Finally, defamation is a statement that intends to diminish another person's reputation, and which is likely to impede his ability to find other employment.

Explanation: A second IRCA (Immigration Reform and Control Act) violation results in a penalty of not less than $2,000 and not more than $5,000 for each unauthorized employee. The first violation results in a penalty of not less than $250 and not more than $2,000 for each unauthorized employee. A third violation results in a penalty of not less than $5,000 and not more than $10,000 for each unauthorized employee. Note that answer choices A and B combine penalty information for the first violation but are not penalties in their own right.

Explanation: The Department of Labor prefers that businesses use positive time reporting with regard to the time worked by employees who are nonexempt under the Fair Labor Standards Act. This method is considered better because it gives a clear indication of the hours worked, without the need for any calculation. For instance, in the other acceptable method, exception reporting, the business establishes a baseline for time worked and only notes deviations from the baseline. This requires the DOL to consider both the baseline and the exceptions. Positive time reporting is simpler.

Explanation: According to the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, employers should treat pregnancy like a shortterm disability. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act is an amendment to Title VII. Pregnant women are entitled to all of the benefits and accommodations due to the disabled.

Explanation: The FrogTech Company is experiencing wage compression. Wage compression exists when new employees make either more money than existing employees or more money than existing employees did when they were hired. For obvious reasons, wage compression can create resentment and conflict in the workforce. Some businesses prevent wage compression by periodically adjusting salary increase rates for existing employees.