A company is financed as follows:
* 400 million $1 shares quoted at $3.00 each.
* $800 million 5% bonds quoted at par.
The company plans to raise $200 million long term debt to finance a project with a net present value of
$100 million.
The bank that is providing the debt is insisting on a maximum gearing level covenant.
Gearing will be based on market values and calculated as debt/(debt + equity).
What is the lowest figure for the gearing covenant that the bank could impose without the company breaching the agreement?

A company is considering whether to lease or buy an asset.
The following data applies:
* The bank will charge interest at 7.14% per annum
* The asset will cost $1 million
* Tax-allowable depreciation is available on a straight line basis over 5 years
* There is no residual value
* Corporate tax is paid at 30% in the year when the profit is earned
What is the NPV of the buy option?
Give your answer to the nearest $000.
$ ?

Company C has received an unwelcome takeover bid from Company P.
Company P is approximately twice the size of Company C based on market capitalisation.
Although the two companies have some common business interests, the main aim of the bid is diversification for Company P.
The offer from Company P is a share exchange of 2 shares in Company P for 3 shares in Company C.
There is a cash alternative of $5.50 for each Company C share.
Company C has substantial cash balances which the directors were planning to use to fund an acquisition.
These plans have not been announced to the market.
The following share price information is relevant. All prices are in $.
Which of the following would be the most appropriate action by Company C's directors following receipt of this hostile bid?

An entity prepares financial statements to 30 June.
During the year ended 30 June 20X2 the following events occurred:
1 July 20X1
* The entitiy borrowed $100 million at a variable rate of interest.
* In order to protect itself against the variability of its interest cashflows, the entity entered into a pay- fixed-receive-variable interest swap with annual settlements. The fair value of the swap on this date was zero.
30 June 20X2
* The entity received a net settlement of $2 million under the swap. After this net settlement, the fair value of the swap was $5 million - a financial asset.
The entity decides to use hedge accounting for this arrangement and has designated it as a cash flow hedge. The swap is a perfect hedge of the variability of the cash interest payments.
Which of the following describes the treatment of the settlement and the change in the fair value of the swap in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 30 June
20X2?

Company Y plans to diversify into an activity where Company X has an equity beta of 1.6, a debt beta of zero and gearing of 50% (debt/debt plus equity).
The risk-free rate of return is 5% and the market portfolio is expected to return 10%.
The rate of corporate income tax is 30%.
What would be the risk-adjusted cost of equity if Company Y has 60% equity and 40% debt?